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| children = 4 | parents = | relations = | awards = Full list | website = }} Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (February 27, 1932 – March 23, 2011) was a British-American actress, businesswoman and humanitarian. She began her career as a child actress in the early 1940s, and was one of the most popular stars of classical Hollywood cinema in the 1950s. She continued her career successfully into the 1960s, and remained a well-known public figure for the rest of her life. The American Film Institute named her the seventh greatest female screen legend in 1999. Born in London to American parents, Taylor and her family moved from England to Los Angeles in 1939 to escape the Second World War. She was noted for her beauty already as a child, and was given a film contract by Universal Pictures in 1941. She made her screen debut in a minor role in ''There's One Born Every Minute'' (1942), but her contract was terminated after a year. Taylor was then signed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and had her breakthrough role in ''National Velvet'' (1944) at the age of 12. Under the tight control of MGM, Taylor became one of the studio's most popular teenage stars. She made the transition to adult roles in the early 1950s, when she starred in the successful comedy ''Father of the Bride'' (1950) and received critical acclaim for her performance in the tragic drama ''A Place in the Sun'' (1951). Despite being one of MGM's most bankable stars, Taylor wished to end her career in the early 1950s, as she resented MGM's control and did not like many of the films she was assigned to. She began receiving better roles in the mid-1950s, beginning with the epic drama ''Giant'' (1956), and appeared in several critically acclaimed and commercially successful films in the following years. These included starring roles in two film adaptations of plays by Tennessee Williams, ''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof'' (1958) and ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1959); Taylor won a Golden Globe for Best Actress for the latter. Although she disliked her role in ''BUtterfield 8'' (1960), her last film for MGM, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. For her next project, Taylor was paid a record-breaking $1 million to play the title role in 20th Century-Fox's historical epic ''Cleopatra'' (1963), which was the most expensive film made up to that point. During the filming, Taylor began an extramarital affair with co-star Richard Burton, which caused a scandal. Despite the public disapproval, she and Burton continued their relationship and were married in 1964. Dubbed "Liz and Dick" by the media, they starred in eleven films together, including ''The V.I.P.s'' (1963), ''The Sandpiper'' (1965) ''The Taming of the Shrew'' (1967) and ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' (1966). Taylor received the best reviews of her career for ''Woolf'', winning her second Academy Award and several other awards for her performance. Taylor's acting career began to decline in the late 1960s, although she continued regularly starring in films until the mid-1970s. After appearing in few films in the late 1970s, she made a comeback in the 1980s, acting in her first substantial stage roles and in several television films and series. In 1987, she launched a successful perfume brand, which remains in production as of 2015. Taylor also became one of the first celebrities to take part in HIV/AIDS activism, beginning her work for the cause in 1984. She co-founded the American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) in 1985 and The Elizabeth Taylor AIDS Foundation in 1991. From the early 1990s until her death, she dedicated her time to philanthropy. She received several accolades for it, including the Presidential Citizens Medal and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, and was made a Knight of the French Legion of Honor. In addition to her career, Taylor's personal life was subject to constant media attention throughout her life. She was married eight times to seven men, endured serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including collecting one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry. After many years of ill health, Taylor died from congestive heart failure in March 2011 at the age of 79. ==Early life== Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was born on February 27, 1932 at Heathwood, her family's home on 8 Wildwood Road in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London. She received dual citizenship at birth, as her parents, art dealer Francis Lenn Taylor (1897–1968) and retired stage actress Sara Sothern (née Sara Viola Warmbrodt, 1895–1994), were United States citizens, both originally from Arkansas City, Kansas. They moved to London in 1929 and opened a gallery on Bond Street; their first child, a son named Howard, was born the same year. The Taylors' upper-class life in London was little affected by the Great Depression. Taylor was enrolled in Byron House, a Montessori school in Highgate. The family's friends included artists such as Augustus John and Laura Knight, and MP Colonel Victor Cazalet. Cazalet was Taylor's unofficial godfather and an important influence in her early life. He and Sara Taylor were both Christian Scientists; she raised her children accordingly. Although the Taylors had wished to make England their permanent home, they decided to return to the United States in the spring of 1939, after Cazalet warned them about the coming war against Germany. Sara Taylor and the children traveled first in April 1939, while Francis stayed behind to take care of the shipping of the gallery's art works. After arriving in the U.S., Sara and the children temporarily moved in with Taylor's maternal grandfather in Pasadena, California. Francis arrived in California in December, and opened an art gallery in Los Angeles in early 1940, first at the Château Élysée Hotel, and some months later moving it to the The Beverly Hills Hotel. After briefly living in Pacific Palisades, the family settled in Beverly Hills, where Taylor and her brother were enrolled in Hawthorne School. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elizabeth Taylor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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